Torticollis, specifically congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) in infants, is a condition characterized by the tightening or shortening of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, which runs along the side of the neck. This tightening causes the baby’s head to tilt to one side and turn to the opposite side.  

Common causes include:

• Intrauterine Positioning: Limited space in the womb can cause the baby’s head to be positioned in a way that puts pressure on the SCM muscle.  
• Birth Trauma: Difficult deliveries can cause minor injuries to the SCM muscle.  
• Congenital Abnormalities: In rare cases, torticollis can be associated with other congenital conditions.  

It’s important to differentiate CMT from other causes of head tilting, which may require different interventions.

Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Look for these signs:

• Head tilted to one side.
• Chin turned to the opposite side.
• Limited neck movement.
• A small lump or “knot” in the neck muscle.
• Preference for looking in one direction.
• Flattening of the head on one side (plagiocephaly).  
• Facial asymmetry.
• Difficulty with breastfeeding on one side.  
• Delayed motor skills.  

If you notice any of these signs, seek a professional evaluation from a pediatrician or physical therapist.

Physical therapy is the primary treatment for torticollis. Effective interventions include:  

• Stretching Exercises: Gentle stretches to lengthen the tightened SCM muscle.  
• Positioning Techniques: Guidance on proper positioning during play, sleep, and feeding.
• Strengthening Exercises: Activities to strengthen the opposing neck muscles.  
• Cranial Remolding: In cases of associated plagiocephaly, cranial remolding helmets may be recommended.  
• Parent Education: Training parents on how to perform home exercises and positioning techniques.  

Early intervention with physical therapy typically leads to excellent outcomes.

Parents play a vital role in their child’s recovery. Here’s how you can help:

• Perform prescribed stretching exercises regularly.
• Position your baby to encourage them to turn their head to the non-preferred side.
• Use toys and visual stimulation to encourage head movement.
• Provide ample tummy time to strengthen neck muscles.
• Create a safe environment for movement and exploration.
• Attend all physical therapy appointments and maintain open communication with the therapist.
• Consistent and gentle encouragement.

Q: Can torticollis resolve on its own?

• A: While some mild cases may improve, physical therapy is essential to prevent long-term complications.  

Q: How long does treatment for torticollis take?

• A: The duration of treatment varies, but early intervention typically leads to resolution within a few months.  

Q: Can torticollis cause long-term problems?

• A: Untreated torticollis can lead to facial asymmetry, plagiocephaly, and delayed motor development.  

Q: When should I seek professional help for torticollis?

• A: As soon as you notice signs of torticollis, seek an evaluation from a pediatrician or physical therapist.

Q: Is torticollis painful for babies?

• A: While the muscle tightness can cause discomfort, gentle stretching and positioning techniques are generally well-tolerated.