Sensory processing is the way our brains take in and interpret information from our senses. This information helps us understand and interact with the world around us. Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a condition that affects how the brain processes sensory information. People with SPD may have difficulty with sensory input, such as sounds, sights, smells, tastes, textures, and movement.  

The exact cause of SPD is unknown. However, it is thought to be related to differences in brain development. SPD can also be caused by other conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Early recognition is crucial for timely intervention. Look for these signs:

• Sensory over-responsivity: This means that a person is overly sensitive to sensory input. For example, a child with SPD may be bothered by loud noises, bright lights, or certain textures. They may cover their ears at loud noises, avoid certain foods due to texture or smell, or seem overwhelmed in crowded places.
• Sensory under-responsivity: This means that a person is not sensitive enough to sensory input. For example, a child with SPD may not notice pain or temperature changes. They may bump into things or seem unaware of their surroundings.
• Sensory seeking: This means that a person craves sensory input. For example, a child with SPD may enjoy rocking, spinning, or jumping. They may seek out intense sensations like crashing into furniture or chewing on non-food items.

There is no cure for SPD. However, there are treatments that can help people with SPD manage their symptoms. These treatments may include:

• Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help people with SPD learn to cope with sensory input and develop skills for daily living. This may involve sensory activities, such as playing with different textures or listening to calming music.
• Sensory integration therapy: Sensory integration therapy is a type of occupational therapy that uses sensory activities to help people with SPD improve their sensory processing.
• Behavioral therapy: Behavioral therapy can help people with SPD learn to manage their behavior and reduce anxiety.

Parents can play an important role in supporting their child with SPD. Here are some tips:

• Create a sensory-friendly environment: This means making changes to the home environment to reduce sensory overload. For example, you may want to dim the lights, turn down the volume on the TV, or remove clutter.
• Provide sensory input: This means giving a child opportunities to experience different types of sensory input. For example, you may want to provide a child with a weighted blanket, a soft toy, or a fidget toy.
• Set clear expectations: This means helping a child understand what is expected of them. For example, you may want to set a timer for how long a child has to complete a task.
• Be patient and understanding: It can be challenging to live with SPD. Be patient and understanding with your child.

• Q: What is the difference between SPD and autism?
  • A: SPD and autism are both neurodevelopmental conditions, but they are distinct. While some individuals with autism also experience sensory processing challenges, SPD can occur independently. Autism is characterized by difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors, which are not core features of SPD.
• Q: Can SPD be cured?
  • A: There is no cure for SPD, but effective therapies and strategies can significantly improve an individual’s ability to manage sensory input and participate in daily life.
• Q: How can I help my child with SPD at home?
  • A: You can create a sensory-friendly environment, provide opportunities for appropriate sensory input, establish consistent routines, and use positive reinforcement. It’s also essential to work closely with therapists and educators to develop a comprehensive support plan.
• Q: What are the different types of sensory processing challenges?
  • A: Sensory processing challenges can manifest in various ways, including sensory over-responsivity (hypersensitivity), sensory under-responsivity (hyposensitivity), sensory seeking, and sensory discrimination difficulties. These challenges can affect any of the senses, including touch, sound, sight, taste, smell, movement, and proprioception (body awareness).
• Q: When should I seek professional help for my child’s sensory issues?
  • A: If your child’s sensory sensitivities are interfering with their daily functioning, social interactions, or emotional well-being, it’s essential to seek professional help. An occupational therapist specializing in sensory integration can evaluate your child’s needs and develop an appropriate intervention plan.